Infections invasives à pneumocoque en France : évolution de la résistance aux antibiotiques et de la distribution des sérotypes

The epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in France has changed dramatically since 2003, with the decrease in the proportion of strains resistant to antibiotics, especially beta-lactams and macrolides, and profound change in the distribution of serotypes. These changes were observed after two public health measures have been implemented: the national plan to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics began in late 2001, and in 2003, the vaccination of children under 2 years by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7-valent (PC-7 v). Since then, the incidence of invasive infections caused by serotypes included in the PC-7 v significantly decreased but that of infections due to non-vaccine serotypes (replacement), particularly serotypes 7F and 19A, has increased. The replacement is important since if the incidence of invasive infections in children under 2 years remains lower than it was before the introduction of PC-7 v, in the remaining population, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease is increasing.