Léiomyosarcome primitif de la veine rénale

The primitives leiomyosarcomas of the renal vein are extremely rares. We report a 54 years old patient that consulted for a mass in the right flank. The ultrasonography and CT-scan concluded to a retropéritoneal sarcoma and the surgical exploration was in favour of an invading renal sarcoma. The histological exam of the harvested tumor assessed the diagnosis of primitive leiomyosarcoma of the renal vein. This original observation underlines the difficulty of the preoperative diagnosis, because of exo-luminal development of the tumour and frequent infiltration of the organs. The diagnosis of certainty is only established by histological exam in spite of significant progress of the imagery. The surgical treatment consists in the majority of cases in a radical nephrectomy that seems to offer thebest odds of survival, but the prognosis remains reserved considering the high impact of local recidivisms and metastases.