Protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharides against FcɛRI-mediated RBL-2H3 mast cell activation

The activation of mast cells by immunoglobulin E-mediated stimuli is considered as a central event in allergic responses. In this regard, chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) of two different molecular weight ranges (1–3 kDa and 3–5 kDa) were investigated for their capabilities against the activation of RBL-2H3 mast cell sensitized with dinitrophenyl-specific immunoglobulin E antibody and stimulated by antigen dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin. It was found that COS significantly inhibited RBL-2H3 cell degranulation via attenuating the releases of histamine and β-hexosaminidase. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of COS was accompanied by a reduction in intracellular Ca2+ elevation. Notably, the expression of immunoglobulin Fc epsilon receptor I (FcɛRI) in RBL-2H3 cells was down-regulated by COS treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The suppressive effect of COS on RBL-2H3 cell activation suggested that COS may be potential candidates of novel inhibitors against allergic reactions.

► Mast cell activation plays a pivotal role in allergic responses.
► Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) inhibit RBL-2H3 mast cell activation.
► Inhibitory effects are due to suppression of RBL-2H3 cell degranulation.
► COS have protective effect against allergic responses.