From Paper to Practice: Barriers to Adopting Nutrition Guidelines in Schools

ObjectiveTo explore the barriers associated with the adoption of the Alberta Nutrition Guidelines for Children and Youth in schools according to characteristics of the innovation (guidelines) and the organization (schools).DesignCross-sectional telephone survey.Setting and ParticipantsSchools in Alberta, Canada. Principals from 357 schools.Main Outcome MeasureBarriers to adopting the nutrition guidelines.AnalysisA 19-question telephone survey, including open- and closed-ended questions, was used to obtain information regarding schools’ characteristics and barriers to adopting the guidelines. Qualitative data were coded according to common themes a priori, based on constructs from the Diffusion of Innovations framework.ResultsSchools reported many barriers related to the relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity of adopting the guidelines. Parents' resistance to change and cost were the key reported barriers. Lack of knowledge, student preferences, the physical location of the school, and barriers related to the provision of healthful food were also reported.Conclusions and ImplicationsDisseminating guidelines without providing adequate support for their implementation may not promote change within the school setting. School nutrition initiatives need to involve the parents and have access to sufficient financial and human resource support.