Laparoscopy in children

Technological advances combined with increasing surgical and anaesthetic expertise have broadened the range of laparoscopic procedures presently being undertaken in children, from the neonatal period through to adolescence. It is therefore essential for surgeons undertaking laparoscopic procedures in children to be equipped not only with technical knowledge, but also to be familiar with the basic science which underpins this practice. In this article, emphasis is placed upon physiology, anatomical landmarks, the evidence base for laparoscopic procedures in children and the mode of action of commonly used energy sources.