An expert system for real-time traffic management in wireless local area networks

• Transceivers’ traffic flow(s) are adjusted for prevailing network conditions.
• Traffic is asynchronously off-loaded if control actions are not enough.
• Delay and change of delay are used for packet size definition.
• Needs for control actions and off-loading are automatically detected.
• Number of concurrent users are increased and quality of the connections improved.

The paper explores delay-based congestion and flow control and the offloading of real-time traffic from wireless local area networks (WLANs) to mobile cellular networks (MCNs) in multihomed devices. The control system developed is based on an embedded hierarchical expert system. It adjusts transceivers’ traffic flow(s) for prevailing network conditions to achieve application-dependent delay and throughput limits. In wireless networks, delay and throughput depend on the packet size, packet transmission interval, and node connection density. Therefore, the controller on the destination node monitors average one-way delay and the change of one-way delay of the incoming traffic. On this basis, it adjusts the packet size and transmission interval of the source node by transmitting a control command to the source. If the prevailing level of traffic in the network exceeds its capacity despite of the control actions taken, devices prepare for developed asynchronous offloading of traffic to another access network.The control model was validated via simulation of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) traffic in the OMNeT++ network simulator. The results demonstrate that the expert system developed is able to regulate packet sizes to match the prevailing application-dependent optimum and transfer traffic to another network if the network exceed its capacity no matter the control actions taken. Although this work is motivated mainly by issues of congestion and flow control of WLAN systems and the simulations and results were prepared for the IEEE 802.11b system, the approach and techniques are not limited to these systems, but they are applicable for other packet switched access networks (PSANs), too.