Prospective Validation of the Clinical Usefulness of Reflex Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay in Patients With Atypical Cytology for the Detection of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder

This prospective study of a reflex fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in patients with atypical cytology validates our previous findings. In patients with atypical cytology and obvious tumor on cystoscopy the assay was unnecessary but it was beneficial in those with equivocal or negative cystoscopy results. The fluorescence in situ hybridization assay identified all urothelial carcinoma tumors in patients with equivocal or negative cystoscopy. In patients with equivocal or negative cystoscopy and atypical cytology, a reflex fluorescence in situ hybridization assay may help avoid unnecessary evaluation while identifying those who would need further evaluation.