Cardiovascular Disease Posttransplant

SummaryRenal transplantation is currently the preferred treatment modality for virtually all suitable candidates with end-stage renal disease. Compared with dialysis, kidney transplantation improves both patient survival and quality of life. Nonetheless, posttransplant cardiac complications are associated with increased morbidity and mortality after renal transplantation. When compared with the general population, cardiovascular mortality in transplant recipients is increased by nearly 10-fold among patients within the age range of 35 and 44 and at least doubled among those between the ages of 55 and 64. Although renal transplantation ameliorates cardiovascular disease risk factors by restoring renal function, it introduces new cardiovascular risks derived, in part, from immunosuppressive medications. We provide an overview of the literature on conventional and unconventional cardiovascular disease risk factors after renal transplantation, and discuss an approach to their medical management.