MPSICA: An intelligent routing recovery scheme for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

To address the fault-tolerant recovery problem in a heterogeneous wireless sensor network consisting of several resource-rich supernodes, and a large number of energy-constrained ordinary sensor nodes, we propose a multi-particle-swarm immune cooperative algorithm (MPSICA) to provide intelligent routing recovery scheme. The MPSICA could maintain K disjoint paths from each source node to the nearest supernode and the available path from supernodes to the sink. Moreover, it could investigate the optimal alternative routing strategies, and solve the problem with cloning, high-frequency mutation, clone selection operations, which can improve the fault tolerant ability and reliability of inter-cluster and intra-cluster data transmission. Using this scheme, we can efficiently repair the broken path of intercluster supernodes or intracluster ordinary nodes network. Finally, we discuss the implementation of the MPSICA based fault-tolerant routing protocol and present the performance evaluation through experiments. The simulation results have verified that the MPSICA based protocol can provide reliable communication with intelligent bio-heuristic routing recovery scheme, thus extend the lifetime of WSNs.