Activated caspases in thawed epididymal and testicular spermatozoa of patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome

These results support the hypothesis of an abortive apoptotic process and demonstrate that combined staining of the activated caspases and membrane permeability provide complementary measurements for the evaluation of viable and functional spermatozoa to better understand ICSI outcomes with epididymal and testicular spermatozoa.