The enhanced asymmetric hydrogenation of unsymmetrical benzils to hydrobenzoin catalyzed by organosoluble zirconium phosphonate-immobilized ruthenium catalyst

• Zirconium phosphonate-supported ruthenium catalysts were homogenized.
• Unsymmetrical benzils were hydrogenated in excellent catalytic performance.
• The good reusability with 97.0% conv., 95.6% syn, syn/anti = 20.7 in the fifth run.

In this article, a successful design on translating a heterogeneous catalysis of chiral zirconium phosphonate-supported ruthenium catalyst into a homogeneous system was developed by the covalent attachment of chiral (R,R)-1,2-diphenyl-ethylenediamine [(R,R)-DPEN] into the backbone of zirconium phosphonate with the different arm lengths (n = 2, 4, 6) and immobilization of [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2. Their catalytic performances in the homogeneous asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unsymmetrical benzils with m- and p-substituents were enhanced, and the excellent activities (>97.1% conv.), diastereomeric and enantiomeric purities (syn/anti = 11.0–29.4, 91.8–99.2%ee syn) were achieved. These homogeneous supported Ru catalysts could be quantitatively and readily recovered by addition of ethyl acetate and centrifugation by solid/liquid separation, and be reused for five times without significant loss of their catalytic performances with 97.0% conv., 95.6% syn and syn/anti = 20.7.

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