کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
40533 | 45857 | 2013 | 6 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
Biodiesel production by simultaneous esterification and transesterification of waste oil with methanol has been studied in a heterogeneous system using solid ferric hydrogen sulphate [Fe (HSO4)3] acid catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by displacement reaction followed by calcination at 400 °C for 3 h. The prepared catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), Brunner-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (BET), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD - NH3). Furthermore, the dependence of the conversion of mixed waste oil on the reactions variables such as the molar ratio of methanol/oil, the amount of catalysts used, reaction temperatures, reusability were also investigated. The catalyst was reused many times with slight loss in activity and the maximum yield of 94.5% was achieved at the optimized conditions of reaction temperature of 205 °C; stirring speed of 350 rpm, 1:15 molar ratio of oil to alcohol and 1% w/w catalyst loading.
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► The catalyst was prepared through replacement reaction (sulfation).
► The high activity of the catalyst was described to strong acidity.
► Fe (HSO4)3 is able to convert simultaneously TAG and FFA in FAMEs with high yield.
► The maximum yield was achieved as 94.5% at optimized condition.
► It is possible to convert oils with very high FFAs content into FAMEs.
Journal: Applied Catalysis A: General - Volume 456, 10 April 2013, Pages 182–187