The Use of Antifibrinolytic Agents in Total Hip Arthroplasty : A Meta-analysis

Total hip arthroplasty is associated with significant blood loss that often requires allogenic blood transfusions. Tranexamic acid and aprotinin have been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusions in clinical trials with variable results. This meta-analysis evaluates whether tranexamic acid and aprotinin significantly reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements in total hip arthroplasty. Thirteen clinical trials were identified. Combined, these agents were significant across all outcome measures in reducing blood loss and transfusions. Separately, only aprotinin was found to be significant. The data also showed that aprotinin (tranexamic acid is inconclusive) is only beneficial in revision total hip arthroplasty. Therefore, only aprotinin is effective in reducing both blood loss and transfusion requirements without an increase in thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty.