Kinesiological surface electromyography in normal children: Range of normal activity and pattern analysis

To document the range of activity and patterns of normal surface kinesiological electromyography in normal children, 87 children ranging from age 3 to 18 years who were developing normally were evaluated at free walking speed. Analysis was performed on 6307 gait cycles from 11 different muscles with custom software. We devised an algorithm to do a computer-based KEMG curve pattern analysis to sort out curves that did not match the physiologic muscle activity pattern, We also devised a combined preset amplitude and statistics-based criteria to satisfactorily determine the onset/cessation of KEMG activity. The measurements of timing and duration of activity, body height and weight, body mass index, cadence, stride length, and age were obtained for statistical analysis. From the pattern recognition, the medial and lateral hamstrings, gluteus maximus and medius, and gastrocnemius muscles had the highest percentage of clinically relevant curves. In most muscle groups, The KEMG curves had an average background activity of about 11–15% of maximum amplitude. The surface KEMG curves from normal subjects have 12.7% cycles that did not match their physiologic activity pattern. The timing and duration of KEMG activity was poorly or only fairly correlated with age, body height, body weight, and body mass index. The ensemble average of the linear envelope KEMG curves of each muscle could be applied as a normal database in a clinical gait analysis laboratory focusing on pediatric patients.