(i) The pathobiology of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) is the commonest form of arthritis. It is a leading cause of disability and its prevalence continues to rise, representing a considerable economic burden. Insights into the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis at genetic, molecular, tissue and clinical levels may expand the currently limited therapeutic options. This review will summarize our current understanding of the major factors responsible for the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis including genetics, biomechanics and patient-specific features such as age, gender and body mass index. It will also outline the key pathogenic mechanisms and histological features of osteoarthritis.