Congenital Anomalies of the Pediatric Cervical Spine

Understanding the complexities of congenital deformities of the cervical spine and their sequelae is greatly enhanced by knowledge of the development of the cervical spine. Although many of these deformities are asymptomatic, when encountered, it is important for the physician to identify potential problem patterns and to be aware of any associated systemic manifestations. In this article, we discuss Klippel-Feil syndrome, torticollis, os odontoideum, and congenital absent cervical pedicle in detail but also other disorders that commonly involve the cervical spine. The presentation, investigation, and management of congenital cervical spine anomalies will also be discussed.