Minimally Invasive Methods of Spinal Fixation

The past decade has witnessed a renaissance in minimally invasive spinal (MIS) surgery. Currently, percutaneous techniques are available for segment fixation of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. The MIS approach has become popularized as a result of its reduction in soft tissue destruction, blood loss, and postoperative pain when compared with open spinal surgery. This review outlines contemporary methods for percutaneous spinal fixation.