Paediatric musculoskeletal examination - a case-based review

Paediatricians and General Practitioners commonly diagnose and manage musculoskeletal symptoms in children. The spectrum of conditions which present with musculoskeletal symptoms and signs is wide, encompassing benign and very serious disorders. This review uses three case examples to illustrate the challenges in, and present a structured approach to, musculoskeletal examination. A simple validated screening examination (pGALS) and a new regional examination (pREMS) are presented.