Incidentally detected squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in patients with staghorn calculi – A case report and literature review

Squamous cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis (renal squamous cell carcinoma, RSCC) are rare. They are highly malignant tumors of urothelial origin and have a poor prognosis owing to misleading clinical presentations and difficulty in early diagnosis. We present a case of incidentally detected RSCC in patients with staghorn calculi and discuss this entity.