Risk factors associated with local and in-transit recurrence of cutaneous melanoma

BackgroundUnderstanding the risk factors for local and in-transit recurrences (LR/ITR) may help facilitate methods of prevention, early detection, and treatment.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was performed on patients diagnosed with single-lesion cutaneous melanoma. Clinical and pathologic characteristics of the tumors were evaluated.ResultsOf 225 patients, 10% had LR/ITR. Patients with LR/ITR were older (P = .0002), had thicker tumors (P = .018), and positive angiolymphatic invasion more frequently (P < .0001). An increased tumor mitotic rate (TMR) was more common in LR/ITRs (P = .051). On univariate logistic regression, age, thickness, TMR of 11/mm2 or greater, and angiolymphatic invasion were all significant risk factors for LR/ITR. Multivariate logistic regression showed age, thickness, and angiolymphatic invasion were the only significant risk factors.ConclusionsOlder patients with thicker tumors and angiolymphatic invasion appear to be at higher risk for LR/ITR. Such patients warrant consideration of preventative strategies and should receive close clinical follow-up evaluation for early recurrence.