Does pre-operative chemoradiotherapy cause wound complications after abdominoperineal excision for rectal cancer? An observational study

IntroductionNeo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is commonly used before surgery for rectal cancer. Very low rectal cancers are still treated by abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (APER). Perineal wound complications are common after APER. There is evidence that radiotherapy increases wound complications. We wished to examine the effect of preoperative radiotherapy (SCPRT) and long course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) on perineal wound complications.MethodsWe undertook a review of all patients undergoing APER at one institution between 2000 and 2010. Details of SCPRT, LCCRT and both minor and major wound complications were identified by retrospective notes review.ResultsOf 74 patients suitable for analysis, 38 (51%) had recorded wound complications, with 23 (31%) having major wound complications. 43 patients (58%) underwent LCCRT and 11 (15%) SCPRT. Overall wound complications were more common in the LCCRT group than those receiving no treatment (58% vs 30%, p = 0.03), and major wound complications more common after SCPRT than LCCRT (45% vs 35%, p = 0.04) or no treatment (45% vs 10%, p = 0.04). Use of mesh led to more wound complications (71% vs 41%), but almost all of these patients received LCCRT.ConclusionsPre-operative LCCRT and SCPRT are both associated with increased perineal wound complications after APER.