Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 as a Marker of Intimal Hyperplasia

BackgroundA primary component in the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) in response to vascular injury is basement membrane remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a major role in this process by degradation of basement membrane proteins, mainly collagen type IV. Vascular injury initiates an inflammatory cascade with the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP). We hypothesize serum levels of these elements may serve as biomarkers of the development of IH.Methods and ResultsAt baseline, 2, 7, 10, and 14 days post-balloon angioplasty of the carotid artery, rat tissue samples were stained with Masson trichrome elastin to examine IH. Intima:media ratios (I:M) increased significantly over time postinjury. Serum samples were collected at the time of tissue sampling, and levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, collagen type IV, TNFα, IL-1β, and CRP were assayed using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MMP-2 serum levels at 7, 10, and 14 days postinjury were significantly elevated compared with baseline. Other elements were not significantly elevated.ConclusionEarly and persistent elevation in the serum levels of MMP-2 may be a useful biomarker of basement membrane remodeling and the presence of IH.