Hemispheric cerebellar rTMS to treat drug-resistant epilepsy: Case reports

Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex by implanted electrodes has been shown to ameliorate refractory epilepsy. We investigated the potential therapeutic role of high-frequency cerebellar rTMS in patients affected by refractory epilepsy due to single or multiple foci. Six patients, three with single and three with multiple epileptic foci, underwent 20 rTMS sessions. Each session was given daily, excluding weekends, and consisted of two trains of 50 stimuli (5 Hz frequency and 90% motor threshold intensity), separated by 50 s interval. rTMS was delivered through a focal coil (2 cm below and lateral to the inion) bilaterally in patients with multiple foci (two trains for hemisphere: 100 stimuli each side) and contralaterally to the epileptic focus in the others. Seizure frequency was monitored four weeks before stimulation (pre-rTMS), during the four-week treatment (rTMS) and four weeks after the treatment (post-rTMS). The rTMS over the cerebellar cortex was associated with a significant decrease of rTMS versus pre-rTMS seizure frequency both in patients with single and multiple epileptic foci. However, during the post-rTMS period seizure frequency was back to the pre-rTMS frequency. Although the results are still preliminary, they encourage further studies on larger series of patients. In particular, this rTMS approach, as compared with others, might be more useful in patients with multiple epileptic foci.