The layering of auditory experiences in driving experience-dependent subcortical plasticity

• We review new discoveries of experience-dependent subcortical auditory plasticity.
• We argue that this plasticity reflects the layering of experiences.
• Understanding the layering of experiences can illuminate individual differences.

In this review article, we focus on recent studies of experiential influences on brainstem function. Using these studies as scaffolding, we then lay the initial groundwork for the Layering Hypothesis, which explicates how experiences combine to shape subcortical auditory function. Our hypothesis builds on the idea that the subcortical auditory system reflects the collective auditory experiences of an individual, including interactions with sound that occurred in the distant past. Our goal for this article is to begin to shift the field away from examining the effect of single experiences to examining how different auditory experiences layer or superimpose on each other.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled .