Testing ecological interactions between Gnomoniopsis castaneae and Dryocosmus kuriphilus

The simulations implying no interaction between G. castaneae and D. kuriphilus after fungal colonization were confirmed as the most likely. In fact, G. castaneae was present in 33.8% of the buds before oviposition, while no association was detected between fungal colonization and oviposition (odds ratio 0.98, 0.71-1.33 95% CI). These findings suggest that the fungus/pest synergy is asymmetrically favorable to the pest and occurs after oviposition.