Cytotoxic effects of tebufenozide in vitro bioassays

• The present study reveals the non-selective cytotoxic effects of tebufenozide.
• We demonstrate for the first time that tebufenozide has ability to induce apoptosis.
• A mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic pathway contributes to tebufenozide induced apoptosis.

Tebufenozide is considered an environmentally friendly pesticide due to its specificity on target insects, but the effects on human are well studied. Studies on the toxicity of tebufenozide at molecular and cellular level is poorly understood. The present study reveals non-selective cytotoxic effects of tebufenozide, and the apoptotic mechanism induced by tebufenozide on HeLa and Tn5B1-4 cells. We demonstrate that the viability of HeLa and Tn5B1-4 cells is inhibited by tebufenozide in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Intracellular biochemical assays showed that tebufenozide-induced apoptosis of two cell lines concurrent with a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase reactive oxygen species generation, the release of cytochrome-c into the cytosol and a marked activation of caspase-3. These results indicate that a mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic pathway contributes to tebufenozide induced apoptosis in HeLa and Tn5B1-4 cells and suggests potential threats to ecosystems and human health.