Ecophysiological tolerance of Lemna gibba L. exposed to cadmium

► Lemna species are successful in adaptation to moderately metal-stressed environments. ► Cadmium was highly connected with many antioxidants (SOD, GSH, lipid peroxidation). ► Proline is the most important non-enzymatic protective mechanism in response to Cd exposure. ► SOD, CAT and APX individual contributions for ROS removal are plant-dependent. ► The antioxidant responses were actively regulated by Lemna gibba expose Cd stress.