Respiratory health, effects of ambient air pollution and its modification by air humidity in Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania

BackgroundAssociations between ambient air pollution and respiratory health have been mainly reported for Western Europe and Northern America.ObjectivesOur goal was to investigate such associations among the population of Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania, a city in Central Eastern Europe (CEE), and to quantify their modification by air humidity. The latter is of increased interest for the current discussion about the potential effects of climate change on human health.MethodsWe investigated (study period: 23.01.2001–31.08.2002) the associations between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and chronic bronchitis (CB) and total suspended particles (TSP), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Generalized additive models (GAM) controlling for time patterns and weather effects were applied. Delayed effects up to seven days were analysed in single lag and polynomial distributed lag models (PDLMs).ResultsAn increase of 10 µg/m3 TSP was related to a 3.3% (95% CI: 0.3%–6.4%) and a 2.8% (95% CI: 0.1%–5.7%) increase for hospital admissions for chronic bronchitis with a lag of one and four days, respectively. The adverse effect of TSP on chronic bronchitis was reduced by higher humidity. An increase of 10 µg/m3 SO2 was related to a 6% (95% CI: 7%–25%) increase, with a two days lag, for hospital admissions for chronic bronchitis. We have not been able to identify a threshold, below which ambient TSP and SO2 concentrations have no effect on hospital admissions for chronic bronchitis. We found adverse but nonsignificant influences of TSP, SO2 and NO2 on total respiratory hospital admissions, COPD and asthma and NO2 on chronic bronchitis.ConclusionsWe conclude that in Drobeta-Turnu Severin CB is associated with TSP and mainly SO2. Dry air aggravates the adverse effect of TSP.