Development of an inventory and temporal allocation profiles of emissions from power plants and industrial facilities in Thailand

An emission inventory (EI) of power plants and industrial (i.e., non-power plant) facilities in Thailand was developed. Emissions considered are those from fuel consumption (i.e., combustion) for power plants and those from both fuel consumption and industrial processes (i.e., non-combustion) for industrial facilities. For power plants, total annual emissions due to fuel consumption are 107.9 × 103 ton NOx (as NO2), 146.2 × 103 ton SO2, 6.1 × 103 ton NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds), 47.0 × 103 ton CO, 1.8 × 103 ton NH3, 1.5 × 103 ton OC (organic carbon), and 1.5 × 103 ton BC (black carbon). For industrial facilities, total annual emissions due to fuel consumption are 111.4 × 103 ton NOx (as NO2), 476.9 × 103 ton SO2, 33.4 × 103 ton NMVOC, 193.1 × 103 ton CO, 1.6 × 103 ton NH3, 8.5 × 103 ton OC, and 8.0 × 103 ton BC. Among various industrial types, Food and Beverage, Chemical, and Non-Metal industries are dominant emitters. Total annual emissions due to industrial processes are 79.2 × 103 ton SO2, 76.0 × 103 ton NMVOC, and 4.8 × 103 ton CO. The Central and Eastern regions combined contribute considerably to total emissions for most emission species. Emission estimates found here show fair agreement with those in some selected past studies. A crude estimation of potential fugitive NMVOC emissions specifically from petroleum industry was also made, and the estimates found could be considered significant (nearly half of NMVOC emissions from industrial processes). Several temporal allocation profiles of emissions were also developed and suggested for power plants and industrial facilities, including monthly, daily, and hourly profiles.