کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
4431770 1619923 2008 16 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Fate and transport of emissions for several trace metals over the United States
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علوم محیط زیست شیمی زیست محیطی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Fate and transport of emissions for several trace metals over the United States
چکیده انگلیسی

A regional model for atmospheric photochemistry and particulate matter is used to predict the fate and transport of five trace metals: lead, manganese, total chromium, nickel, and cadmium over the continental United States during January and July 2001. Predicted concentrations of the metals are compared to observations. Lead predictions have the lowest mean differences with observations and the highest correlation coefficients. They best agree with observations made in January over residential and commercial areas in the eastern United States and worst with observations over remote forests and deserts located in the western United States during July. Manganese predictions show similar abilities to reproduce observations but had larger changes between months. Chromium and nickel predictions show diminishing ability to reproduce observations over both urban and rural areas. Cadmium predictions show the least ability to reproduce observations. Potential causes are examined for the errors in predictions. For errors in lead, manganese and perhaps chromium predictions, aerial suspension and biomass burning are suspected because simulations did not include emissions from these sources. Nickel, cadmium and, to a lower extent, chromium predictions suffer from errors in the emissions that represent current anthropogenic activities. Predicted concentrations of all metals show errors from not including sub-grid processes in meteorological and emission rates. Examples include sea breeze circulation along coastal areas and individual sources in urban areas. These errors reduce the ability to reproduce the time dependence of observations.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Science of The Total Environment - Volume 396, Issues 2–3, 25 June 2008, Pages 164–179
نویسندگان
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