Arsenic in Oregon community water systems: Demography matters

Recently, the maximum contaminate level (MCL) for arsenic was lowered to 10 μg/L in community water systems (CWS) throughout the United States. In this study, CWS in Oregon were assessed for the occurrence and magnitude of arsenic > 10 μg/L between the effective and compliance dates for the new MCL. Ten CWS, with a combined population of 49,395, met the criteria for this study. Arsenic levels above the new MCL ranged from 11–25 μg/L. The demographic characteristics of these systems were queried and considered in the context of risk, exposure and outreach. A disproportionate percent of residents in affected CWS were of Hispanic origin (35%) compared to the statewide average (8%). Residents in these CWS had a lower median household income (20% less than the statewide average), a lower median age (32.5 vs. 36.3) and a higher percent of a second language spoken in the home besides English (34.6% vs. 12.1%) compared to the statewide census. These community characteristics have implications for exposure, risk and outreach associated with the occurrence of arsenic in drinking water. Consequently, demographic parameters are informative for risk management and communication and ultimately, beneficial to the affected public.