Concentrations and source apportionment of particulate matter in different functional areas of Shanghai, China

Concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter with different sizes and 9 metallic elements (Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured in two sampling sites of Baoshan District and Putuo District from July 2009 to September 2010, to investigate the size distribution and the possible sources of particulate matter. The results showed that in these two sampling sites, crustal elements mainly distributed in coarse mode and heavy metals all distributed in fine mode. Source apportionment results by enrichment factor and principal component analysis indicated that in Baoshan sampling site, PM0.43–2.1 was mainly from industrial metallurgical processes, while PM2.1–10 was mainly from re-suspended soil dust. Local road traffic source was the dominant contributor to PM0.43–2.1 and PM2.1–10 in Putuo sampling site.