Fumigant persistence and emission from soil under multiple field application scenarios

► Low disturbance technology increased fumigant exposure concentrations (CT) in soil. ► Effective CT thresholds for control of citrus nematode were obtained. ► Atmospheric emission of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin was reduced. ► Maximum flux rates of chloropicrin were reduced from 32.5 to 19.9 μg m−2 s−1.