Spray formulation efficacy—holistic and futuristic perspectives

This overview considers the use of liquid agrichemical sprays for different applications, their complexities and current limitations, as well as future requirements needed to increase overall efficacy. This has been done by considering the characteristics and limitations in each of the steps of deposition, retention, uptake and translocation. It has identified the lack of understanding of the plant component in relation to the processes involved in retention, uptake and translocation. Satisfactory progress will not be made until appropriate models are developed for each process and integrated into a comprehensive agrichemical efficacy system.