کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
470897 | 698573 | 2010 | 7 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |

The original exploiting modification direction (EMD) method proposed by Zhang and Wang is a novel data hiding technique which can achieve large embedding capacity with less distortion. The original EMD method can hide (2n+1)(2n+1)-ary numbers by modifying at most one least-significant bit (LSB) of nn pixel values. The proposed methods in this paper, 2-EMD and EMD-2, modify at most two pixels of the LSB values. Efficiency of the proposed methods is shown theoretically and through experiments. The 2-EMD and EMD-2 can hide even larger numbers than the EMD with similar distortion under the same conditions. This paper shows that the EMD-2 is much better than the EMD, and slightly better than 2-EMD when nn is 3, 4 and 5. The way to generate basis vector can be used for the generalization of the nn-EMD and EMD-nn where n>1n>1.
Journal: Computers & Mathematics with Applications - Volume 60, Issue 2, July 2010, Pages 319–325