Lattice Boltzmann simulation of solid particles behavior in a three-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow

This paper reports the behavior of solid particles in a three-dimensional lid-driven cavity. The prediction of solid particle dynamics through a fluid has been an important research topic over the past few decades. Difficulties arise when trying to understand the interactions between the particle and surrounding fluid. Therefore, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was proposed to analyze three-dimensional cubic lid-driven cavity flow at range of Reynolds numbers. The mesoscale numerical scheme of the Single Relaxation Time (SRT) lattice Boltzmann method was used to solve the equation of flow fluid. The 4th Runge–Kutta method was applied to determine the effects of the drag force on the particle, and the hard sphere model was functioned to calculate the collisions between the particle and walls. The dynamics of a solid particle using a numerical simulation of LBM showed good agreement with the established benchmark results from previous studies. In addition, the results showed that the particle trajectories are critically dependent on the magnitude of the density, diameter and vortex behavior in the cavity. Overall, the results highlight the applicability of the present method to a range of applications.