Plate tectonic significance of Middle Cambrian and Ordovician siliciclastic rocks of the Bavarian Facies, Armorican Terrane Assemblage, Germany — U–Pb and Hf isotope evidence from detrital zircons

We have examined the provenance and tectonic setting of the Middle Cambrian and Ordovician siliciclastic deposits and associated volcanic rocks of the Bavarian Facies, Franconia, Germany, in the Saxothuringian Zone of the Variscan orogen. The units were deposited on the North African rifted margin of Gondwana and represent deep-water equivalents of the shallow marine mature sandstone successions of the areally extensive Thuringian Facies. U–Pb ages of detrital zircons of the Middle Cambrian Wildensteiner Formation, the Middle Ordovician Plattensandstone of the Randschiefer Series, and the Upper Ordovician Döbra sandstone fall into four distinct age groups: 2.4 to 1.8 Ga (15%), 0.75 to 0.54 Ga (55%) and 0.54 to 0.44 Ga (14%); minor abundances (4%) occur around 1 Ga. This age distribution is consistent with a northern Gondwanan derivation, mainly from the Cadomian continental magmatic arc in northern Africa. The c. 2 Ga ages indicate a provenance from Eburnean or equivalent sources on the West Africa craton and in northeast Africa and Arabia. The scarcity of grains of Kibaran age (c. 1 Ga) is characteristic of a derivation from metamorphic and magmatic sources on the Arabian–Nubian Shield, rather than from distant major Kibaran age terrains. The youngest group mainly reflects Late Cambrian to Ordovician rift magmatism widespread in the northern Gondwanan Cadomian terranes. The Hf isotopic compositions of selected dated zircons at the time of their crystallization (εHf(t); T = 3.5–0.47 Ga) vary between − 30 and + 7. Zircons with positive εHf(t) values are almost exclusively restricted to the age group between 0.5 and 0.9 Ga. The Hf isotope data suggest that magmatism associated with the Cadomian continental magmatic arc and post-Cadomian (late Cambrian-Ordovician) marginal rifts in northern Gondwana mainly involved mixing of juvenile magmas with Paleoproterozoic crust.