On the least energy solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with electromagnetic fields

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of least energy solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with electromagnetic fields −(∇+iA(x))2u(x)+(λa(x)+1)u(x)=|u|p−2u,x∈RN for sufficiently large λλ, where i is the imaginary unit, 2