Nanosecond electromagnetic sounding of a fluid-saturated layered formation

Mathematical modeling was applied to study attenuation of a nanosecond pulse that propagated in an oil-bearing formation and was reflected from the oil-gas or oil-water interfaces. The problem was formulated and solved for propagation of a short electromagnetic Gaussian pulse in a layered hydrocarbon reservoir in the case of excitation by a long electric line. Complex permittivity of oil-bearing rocks was calculated using a refractive mixing dielectric model for oil, saline water, methane, quartz, and bentonite in each layer. We obtained and analyzed space-time diagrams of wave propagation and reflection and estimated effective attenuation for both cases.