Catalytic upgrading of ethanol to n-butanol over M-CeO2/AC (MÂ =Â Cu, Fe, Co, Ni and Pd) catalysts

M-CeO2/AC (M = Cu, Fe, Co, Ni and Pd) catalysts were synthesized and compared in the continuous catalytic upgrading of ethanol to n-butanol under mild reaction conditions. The catalytic performance of catalysts was mainly depended on their dehydrogenation, hydrogenation and CC bond cracking capabilities.133