Engine cooling using Al2O3/water nanofluids

The results showed that the convective heat transfer coefficient is directly proportional with the flow velocity and inversely proportional with bulk temperature. The highest heat transfer coefficient is 78.67% which achieved at 1% volume concentration of nanoparticles compared with pure water. The γ-Al2O3 water nanofluid should be used to cool the cast iron components of the engine with limitations.