Double-diffusive natural convection and entropy generation of Bingham fluid in an inclined cavity

In this paper, double-diffusive natural convection, studying Soret and Dufour effects and viscous dissipation in a square cavity filled with Bingham fluid has been simulated by Finite Difference Lattice Boltzmann Method (FDLBM). In addition, entropy generations through fluid friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer has been studied. The problem has been solved by applying the regularised Papanastasiou model. This study has been conducted for certain pertinent parameters of Rayleigh number (Ra=103,104 and 105), Bingham number (Bn), Lewis number (Le = 2.5, 5 and 10), Dufour parameter (Df = 0, 1, and 5), Soret parameter (Sr = 0, 1, and 5), Eckert number (Ec = 0, 0.001, and 0.01), inclined angle (θ = 0, 40, 80, and 120) and the Buoyancy ratio (N = −1, 0.1, 1). Results indicate that the increase in Rayleigh number enhances heat and mass transfer for various Bingham numbers and inclined angles. The alteration of the inclined angle changes heat and mass transfer. In addition, the rise of the inclined angle alter the unyielded zones. The increase in the Lewis number augments mass transfer in different inclined angles while it causes heat transfer to drop marginally at θ = 0, 40, and 120. The heat transfer increases with the rise of the Dufour parameter and the mass transfer enhances as the Soret parameter increases for different Bingham numbers and Rayleigh numbers. In some cases, the augmentation of Soret and Dufour parameters alter the behavior of heat and mass transfer against the alteration of the inclined angle. The addition of Soret and Dufour parameters and Lewis numbers do not affect the unyielded zone considerably. The augmentation of the buoyancy ratio number enhances heat and mass transfer. The rise of buoyancy ratio number alters the unyielded section significantly. The increase in Eckert number declines heat transfer, but it has a marginal effect on mass transfer. The augmentation of Rayleigh number enhances different entropy generations and declines the average Bejan number. The increase in the Bingham number provokes various irreversibilities to drop significantly. The rise of Soret and Dufour parameters enhances the entropy generations due to heat transfer and fluid friction. The rise of Eckert number alters various entropy generations, but the alteration does not follow a specific manner in different studied parameters.