Numerical simulation of TIG weld pool dynamics using smoothed particle hydrodynamics

A three-dimensional computational weld pool model for TIG welding is described. The model is based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method and takes various forces in the weld pool into account including shear stress and arc pressure, surface tension, marangoni effect, gravity and the welding speed. The numerical results are compared to cross sections from experiments for different welding currents and show a very good agreement. The model is then used to describe the weld pool dynamics and the formation process of the weld penetration as well as the temperature distribution in the weld pool.