Nanotubular topography enhances the bioactivity of titanium implants

Nano-scale TiO2 nanotube topography (TNT), micro-scale sand blasted-acid etched topography (SLA), and hierarchical hybrid sand blasted-acid etched/nanotube topography (SLA/TNT) were fabricated on the surfaces of titanium implants. It was found that TNT showed a super-hydrophilic surface and outstanding in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis inducing ability compared with SLA and SLA/TNT. Nanotubes constructed on TNT bound more strongly to the titanium substrate than on SLA/TNT.336