Spectacular Macau: Visioning futures for a World Heritage City

- Examines the conflicting sentiments associated with heritage and gaming in Macau.
- The 'spectacle city' is a contested terrain on which different social actors vie to reshape the urban agenda.
- The support for heritage conservation is propelled by a shared anxiety over the erosion of cultural identity.
- The designation of Macau as a World Heritage City has introduced new commodifications of the environment.
- Historical circumstances have been central in shaping individual aspirations and the urban milieu.

This paper examines the conflicting sentiments generated by Macau's recent developments and how these dynamics have helped galvanize particular visions among Macau's residents holding different possessive relationships to the city. More specifically, it explores these processes through the simultaneous construction of two incongruent landscapes: a fantasyland of gaming and leisure propelled by the liberalization of the casino industry, and a 'historic city of culture' exemplified by Macau's newly acquired UNESCO World Heritage City status. Building on Debord's conception of the dialectic of the spectacle, this paper illustrates how the growing support for heritage conservation in Macau has been propelled by a shared anxiety over the phenomenal changes brought by an expanding casino industry and concomitant erosion of Macau's cultural identity. Through extensive interviews with local architects, conservation experts and activists, I elucidate how the designation of Macau as a World Heritage City has helped consolidate particular sets of moral claims around heritage and culture as well as introduced new commodifications of the environment that cannot be easily delinked from other spaces of the 'spectacle city'.