The narrowing gap between vision and execution: Neoliberalization of PES in Costa Rica

► Actual practice of PES in Costa Rica does not correspond with the idealized vision. ► However, the program has begun to be neoliberalized. ► Changes to program financing are resulting in uneven conservation development. ► Competitive contracting favors participation by larger landowners. ► Removal of collective participation is resulting in exclusion of small landowners.