A high area, porous and resistant platinized stainless steel fiber coated by nanostructured polypyrrole for direct HS-SPME of nicotine in biological samples prior to GC-FID quantification

The surface of a stainless steel fiber was made porous, resistant and cohesive using electrophoretic deposition and coated by the nanostructured polypyrrole using an amended in-situ electropolymerization method. The coated fiber was applied for direct extraction of nicotine in biological samples through a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method followed by GC-FID determination. The effects of the important experimental variables on the efficiency of the developed HS-SPME-GC-FID method, including pH of sample solution, extraction temperature and time, stirring rate, and ionic strength were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.1-20 μg mL−1 and the detection limit was obtained 20 ng mL−1. Relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 6) was calculated 7.6%. The results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed fiber compared with the most used commercial types. The proposed HS-SPME-GC-FID method was successfully used for the analysis of nicotine in urine and human plasma samples.