Effects of sorghum ethyl-acetate extract on PC3M prostate cancer cell tumorigenicity

- DSEE induced PC3M prostate cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
- DSEE reduced PC3M cell mobility and expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9.
- DSEE inhibited orthotopic prostate tumor growth and metastasis in mice.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males. The side effects of convention antineoplastic drugs and sustained risks of recurrence and metastasis necessitate the search for safer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic drugs. The cereal grain sorghum contains various polyphenols with potent anti-cancer and antioxidant activities. To evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of Donganme sorghum ethyl-acetate extract (DSEE), we performed content analysis and evaluated its effects on PC3M prostate cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration in vitro, and on PC3M orthotopic tumor growth in vivo. DSEE decreased viable cell number in a dose-dependent manner, increased apoptosis rate by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, induced cell cycle arrest at G0 by reducing cyclin expression, suppressed cell migration and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. Moreover, DSEE inhibited orthotopic tumor growth and metastasis in mice. Therefore, DSEE may have potential preventive and therapeutic efficacy against prostate cancer.