Hierarchically self-assembled ZnO architectures: Establishing light trapping networks for effective photoelectrochemical water splitting

351Structured devices such as nanorods arrays (right) enable the orthogonalization of light absorption and carrier collection. Decoupling Lmin from α+ reduces certain materials' quality constraints. In addition, the light can be transferred longer distance to enhance the light absorption due to the multi-reflection of the nanorod arrays and the high surface roughness property thin film on the top side of ZnO nanorods.