Implications of vanadium in technical applications and pharmaceutical issues

Vanadium is a constituent of two types of enzymes (nitrogenase, peroxidase) and further accumulates unspecifically in a few organisms. Elemental vanadium is a constituent in steels; the use of vanadium compounds in technical applications includes catalysts, high-performance batteries, metal-organic frameworks and quantum information. Potential pharmaceutical issues are directed towards type 2 diabetes, infectious (viral, bacterial, protozoan and amoebic) diseases, tumours and cardio-vascular defects.